The first gas-cooled reactors with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas as coolant at a pressure of 16 bar and graphite as moderator were developed in Britain. The fuel used is natural uranium, clad with an alloy of magnesium called Magnox. Schematic diagram of a Gas-cooled re…

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is also known as metal inert gas (MIG) welding. In this process, the weld area is shielded by an inert atmosphere of argon, helium, carbon dioxide, or other gas mixtures. A wire-feed drive motor automatically feeds the consumable bare wire…

The excellent properties of water as a moderator and coolant make the P ressurized Water Reactor (PWR) a natural choice for power reactors. The most important limitation of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) is the critical temperature of the water, which is 374°C. Thi…

Hardwood is generally obtained from broad-leaved or deciduous trees , while softwood is obtained from trees with needle-shaped branches or conifers. The significant differences between hardwood and softwood are given below . S.no Hardwood Softwoo…

A rivet is used to connect two or more plates. It is inserted through the hole in the plates and pressed on the other side. Unwin’s formula gives the diameter of the rivet hole for a given plate: d = 6*t 0.5 where t = Thickness of plate in mm and d = Diameter of the…

A belt is a looped strip of flexible material used to mechanically link two or more rotating shafts. A belt drive offers smooth power transmission between shafts at a considerable distance. Belt drives are used as the source of motion to transfer power efficiently or t…

Beams are generally horizontal structural members that transfer loads horizontally along their length to the supports, where the loads are usually resolved into vertical forces. Beams are used to resist vertical loads, shear forces, and bending moments. Different typ…

The operator beginning his career in operating arc welding machines must go through and become familiar with these general safety recommendations to avoid accidents and injuries. Safety recommendations while working with arc welding processes such as flux-cored arc w…