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A shaper machine is a reciprocating machine that produces horizontal, vertical, or flat surfaces. The shaper holds the single point cutting tool in ram and the workpiece is fixed on the table. Shaper Machine and Planer Machine The planner machine comes in heavy machi…

Broaching is performed using a multiple-teeth cutting tool by moving the device linearly about the work in the direction of the tool axis, as in Figure 1. The machine tool is called a broaching machine and the cutting tool is called a broach. In some jobs for which b…

Classification of gears can be done according to the relative position of the axes of revolution into three types. They are: 1. Gears for Parallel shafts 1.1 Spur Gears 1.2 Helical Gears 1.3 Herringbone Gears 1.4 Rack and Pinion 2. Gears for Intersecting Sha…

Whenever the tool is not performing a machining operation satisfactorily, it is assumed that the tool has been failed. Normally, when the tool fails, it is reground to sharpen it again, but for throwaway-type tools, it is discarded and a new tool tip is used. Although…

There are various kinds of helmets, designed for different activities and levels of protection to human head, jaw, and chin. Illustration generated using AI Type of Helmet Main purpose use Key feature Full-face helmet…

The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine that has adjustable blades. It combines automatically adjusted propeller blades w…

There are many theories of fatigue; I have written briefly about three of them: the Orowan theory, the fatigue limit theory, and Wood’s theory. 1. Orowan Theory: Orowan theory considers the metal to contain small, weak regions. Slip occurs readily along these regio…