Differences between Francis and Kaplan Turbine

The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine that has adjustable blades. It combines automatically adjusted propeller blades w…

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Notes on Theories of Fatigue

There are many theories of fatigue; I have written briefly about three of them: the Orowan theory, the fatigue limit theory, and Wood’s theory. 1. Orowan Theory: Orowan theory considers the metal to contain small, weak regions. Slip occurs readily along these regio…

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Energy Science

Science is a systematized body of knowledge about any department of nature, internal or external to man. The energy science deals with the laws, rules, scientific principles, characteristics, units, measurements, processes etc. about various forms of energy and energy…

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Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI)

Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) is an advanced fuel injection technology, most commonly referred to as diesel engines. This is very similar to the technology used in petrol engines and the same is differentiated by classifying it as gasoline direct injection (GDI)…

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Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)

Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) is an automobile safety system that allows the wheels on automobiles to continue tractive contact with the road surface as directed by driver steering inputs while braking, preventing the wheels from ceasing rotation and therefore avoiding …

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Types of Valves

Valves are mechanical devices that regulate, direct, or control the flow of fluids (liquids, gases, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing passages.  1. Gate Valve Gate valve uses a gate/wedge to stop or allow flow of fluids. Gate valve is best fo…

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Single Point Cutting Tool: Nomenclature and Tool Signature

The elements of the tool signature or nomenclature of a single-point cutting tool are illustrated in the figure below (i) Back rake angle: Back rake angle is the angle between the face of the single-point cutting tool and a line parallel to the base of the tool, mea…

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