Honda developed VTEC (Variable Timing and Lift Electronic Control) to improve the volumetric efficiency of a four-stroke internal combustion engine . Ikuo Kajitani, engineer at Honda was the first involved in the development of these four-valve engines. The Honda’s VTE…

Solid fuels can be classified into two types, they are primary fuels and secondary fuels. Primary Fuels: Wood: It is the most commonly used and easily available natural fuel. It has been used for cooking and other purposes for centuries. The important constituents…

Petroleum is the primary source of liquid fuels , obtained from drilled wells under the Earth’s crust. Petroleum probably originated from organic matter such as fish and plants through bacterial action or distillation under pressure and heat. It consists of a mixture o…

Natural gas: The main constituents of natural gas are methane (CH 4 ) and ethane (C 2 H 6 ). Its calorific value is nearly 21 MJ/m 3 . It is an alternate fuel for internal combustion engines, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG). Coal gas: It mainly consists of hydr…

Coal is classified into different types based on its carbon content, energy density, and the amount of impurities. Peat coal, lignite coal, Sub-Bituminous coal, Bituminous coal, Semi-Bituminous coal, Semi-Anthracite coal, Anthracite coal and Super Anthracite coal are t…

Fuels are any material that stores potential energy in forms that liberate heat energy upon burning in oxygen. The calorific value of fuel is the total quantity of heat liberated when a unit mass or volume of fuel is completely burnt. Higher or gross calorific value …