A comparison between permanent mold casting and die casting in aspects such as cost, floor area, surface finishing, production rate, and initial cost is listed below in the table form. S.no Permanent Mold Casting Die casting 1 Permanent mold casting mold…

A cam is a rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage that drives a mating component known as a follower . From a functional viewpoint, a cam-and-follower arrangement is similar to the linkages. The cam accepts an input (rotary or linear) motion and imparts a r…

A governor is a device used to maintain the speed of an engine within specified limits when it operates under varying loads. Based on the source of controlling force, the governors can be classified into two types. They are centrifugal governors and inertia governors.…

The tightening tools include pliers, screwdrivers, and wrenches, which are discussed below. 1. Pliers Pliers , namely, ordinary needle-nose pliers and particular types of hand tools, are used to hold objects tightly. Fig. 1 (a) shows long nose pliers and Fig. 1 (b) s…

In statics, Lami’s theorem is an equation that relates the magnitudes of three coplanar, concurrent, and non-collinear forces that keep a body in static equilibrium. Lami’s theorem states that if three forces acting at a point are in equilibrium, each force is propo…

Velox boiler transfers heat from the gas at a much higher rate than the rate achieved with subsonic flow when the gas velocity exceeds the speed of sound. The advantages of this theory are applied to attain large heat transfer from a smaller surface area in this boile…

The total energy of all microscopic motion models is referred to as  internal energy (U) . Internal energy is the energy associated with the molecular structure and molecular activity of the system's constituent particles. In general, the individual mole…

Reinforced steel,  commonly known as rebar (short for reinforcing bar), is an alloy of ferrous metal with 0.25 to 1.5 percent carbon.  The higher the carbon content, the harder the steel. Steel bars of circular cross-sections are mainly used as reinforcement to strengt…

Solid fuels can be classified into two types, they are primary fuels and secondary fuels. Primary Fuels: Wood: It is the most commonly used and easily available natural fuel. It has been used for cooking and other purposes for centuries. The important constituents…

The advantages and benefits of selecting die casting over sand casting (Sand Molded Casting) are listed below. The die casting process requires less floor space in comparison to the sand casting process. Die-casting helps provide precision dimensional control, resulti…

There are several operations related to drilling. Some of them are: Reaming, Tapping, Counterboring, Countersinking, Center drilling, and Spot facing These are illustrated in Figure 1 and described in this section. Most operations follow…

The advantages of liquid fuels over solid fuels are as follows: Requirement of less space for storage Higher calorific value Easy handling and transportation Better control of consumption by using valves and number of burners Absence of danger from spontaneous combust…

Iron and Steel's microconstituents are Austenite, Ferrite, Cementide, Pearlite, Bainite, Martenite, Troostite, Sorbite, and Ledeburite. Austenite (γ-iron):  It is a solid solution of ferrite iron carbide in gamma iron, which is formed when steel contains carbon u…

The excellent properties of water as a moderator and coolant make the P ressurized Water Reactor (PWR) a natural choice for power reactors. The most important limitation of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) is the critical temperature of the water, which is 374°C. Thi…